The report’s primary aim was to analyze the existing microfinance industry in the United States from the point of view of its ability to scale up services to the underserved (the working poor) and its sustainability, i.e., its ability to operate such that MFIs cover all of their operating costs, including financial costs and loan losses, and are able to generate a reasonable profit to attract private lenders and investors and thus decrease the sector’s dependence on subsidies. The report seeks to draw lessons from international microfinance, recognizing that the operating environment for microfinance in the United States is distinctly different than that in the developing and transition economies.