As a greater share of modern life is encoded into data streams, Big Data tools can enhance the capabilities of a wide range of financial service companies through machine-learning algorithms that get smarter over time, building stronger predictive models as they gather customers and data points. Not all consumers—underserved or otherwise—will benefit from the use of new types of data, but the flow of data between people and financial services providers presents great opportunity for innovations to meet the needs of many consumers with high-quality financial services. It also necessitates greater exploration of how to harness Big Data safely and effectively to provide consumers with value and security. Though many industries, such as advertising and entertainment, are exploring ways to apply Big Data, the potential for consumer impacts are particularly acute in the financial services industry, where the application of new technologies can directly affect financial security.