In general, this research highlights several ways in which confidence and knowledge may be linked with financial decision-making, and suggests that a one-size-fits-all approach to intervention is unlikely to reap dividends. Instead, interventions need to be informed by a better understanding of the mechanisms through which gaps in confidence and knowledge lead to poor outcomes, and tailored to the specific needs of those with different kinds of gaps. This research is intended to contribute to the existing empirical literature on the links between financial confidence, knowledge and outcomes. It also aims to set the stage for more detailed investigation into the psychological underpinnings of financial decision-making and how such investigations could inform the design and delivery of effective financial training interventions.